Magnetic nanorings have unique closed-flux vortex states that exhibit no stray field. The chirality of the vortex can be used to represent a "1" or a "0" in magnetic bits for data storage purposes. Atomic Force Microscopy ...

Biofilms are matrix-enclosed microbial communities that grow at interfaces. They are highly robust and exhibit significant phenotypic changes that render them resistant to many antibacterial agents that can kill their ...